Sinus barotrauma can cause headache, pain and fullness in the sinuses.The diagnosis is based on symptoms and otoscopy or rhinoscopy. Otic barotrauma can cause many discomforts, such as tinnitus, hearing loss, pain and fullness in the sinus and middle ear, and even tympanic membrane perforation. When the eustachian tube or sinus ostia is blocked or the pressure change exceeds the capacity of its regulation, otic and sinus barotrauma occurs –. Under normal conditions, the eustachian tube must open to eliminate the pressure difference between the internal and ambient environments. Otic barotrauma is one of the most common barotraumas after HBO therapy and is sometimes accompanied by sinus barotraumas –. Pressure changes can affect the ears, the sinuses, and the lungs, resulting in injury. According to Boyle’s law, a primary change in environmental pressure results in an inverse change in volume. Barotrauma is defined as tissue damage resulting from the direct effects of pressure –. Although patients with CO-poisoning could benefit from the therapy, the side effects, such as barotrauma, should not be overlooked. It is useful to decrease the incidence of delayed neuropsychologic sequelae in patients with CO-poisoning –. Jeppesen GmbH, Frankfurt 2001.Īcknowledgement Image courtesy Freedigitalphotos.HBO therapy has been used widely in clinical practice. Human Performance & Limitations – JAA ATPL Theoretical Knowledge Manual. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2002.ģ. Ideally, Sinus Barotrauma can be prevented by adequate and timely treatment of nose infections, while avoiding flying until recovered fully.ġ. It is prudent to abort the mission, and aircraft must descend as slowly as possible to minimise pain and discomfort. The immediate treatment of Sinus Barotrauma, when it occurs in flight, is to ascend to the altitude where the pain was first felt. ![]() This may sometimes be referred to the teeth of upper jaw giving a false impression that the problem is in the teeth. Maxillary sinuses – The pain is localised over the cheek.Frontal Sinus – The pain extends over the forehead above the bridge of the nose.As per the site, it may present in the following ways:. ![]() There may be accompanying headache, which may be severe and incapacitating. ![]() The main symptom of Sinus Barotrauma is pain over the affected sinus. Though, it occurs less commonly than Otitic Barotrauma it does not get relieved by voluntary efforts since sinuses cannot be ventilated actively by manoeuvres like Valsalva. It presents with pain in and around the affected sinus. Sinus Barotrauma, thus occurs due to pressure changes during flying in a sinus with blocked opening. Any deformity of the walls of the nose or any growth, e.g., polyp etc.Inflammation or infection in the nose as in cold, allergy, etc.Such an obstruction to the sinus openings can be due to the following reasons:. These sinuses drain into the nasal cavity through small openings, which allow easy ventilation of air during ascent and descent.Īny obstruction to the sinus openings will adversely affect the ventilation of sinuses and result in Sinus Barotrauma (a.k.a Barosinusitis). Sinuses are small air filled spaces in the bones of the skull.
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